Simulating the Effect of Social Influence on Decision-Making in Small, Task-Oriented, Groups

This paper describes a simulation study of decision-making. It is based on a model of social influence in small, task-oriented, groups. A process model of dyadic social influence is built on top of a dynamic model of status and task participation that describes the emergence of a stable power and prestige order. Two models of group decision-making are examined: a static model for which the beliefs of actors do not change, and a process model for which they do as a function of the standing of each member of each interacting pair in the evolving power and prestige order. The models are compared on a set of N=111 cases, each requiring an affirmative or negative group response to a proposition A(c) that pertains to a case c. Initial beliefs are assigned to each of five members of distinct professions based on an analysis of independently collected behavioral data pertinent to the proposition to be affirmed or denied in each case. Although the two influence models yield identical decisions in 70% of the cases examined, the differences between them are statistically significant and in several instances show a medium effect size. Most importantly, the differences can be explained in terms of social influence and the status and task participation model on which it depends.Social Influence; Decision Processes; Social Networks; Group Dynamics; Simulation; Agent-Based Modeling

Strongly interacting photons in one-dimensional continuum

Photon-photon scattering in vacuum is extremely weak. However, strong effective interactions between single photons can be realized by employing strong light-matter coupling. These interactions are a fundamental building block for quantum optics, bringing many-body physics to the photonic world and providing important resources for quantum photonic devices and for optical metrology. In this Colloquium, we review the physics of strongly-interacting photons in one-dimensional systems with no optical confinement along the propagation direction. We focus on two recently-demonstrated experimental realizations: superconducting qubits coupled to open transmission lines, and interacting Rydberg atoms in a cold gas. Advancements in the theoretical understanding of these systems are presented in complementary formalisms and compared to experimental results. The experimental achievements are summarized alongside a description of the quantum optical effects and quantum devices emerging from them.Comment: Updated version, accepted for publication in Reviews of Modern Physic

Simulating the Effect of Social Influence on Collective Decision-making: The Case of Educator Reporting of Child Abuse

The dissertation is directed toward a simulation study of social influence in small, task-oriented, groups composed of education professionals of differing status who hold differing beliefs about what constitutes the reportable physical abuse of elementary students by parents. It is asserted on philosophical grounds that simulation allows the development and refinement of computational, process-based, models that reflect the stratified nature of social and educational reality. More practically, simulation makes it possible to trace socio-cultural processes over time rather than simply settle for an input-output analysis. The possibility of more adequate explanation, and transformation, of social and educational systems makes simulation relatively superior to other research methods.Persons are modeled as computational objects that participate in social relations. The simulation is based on the social-psychological theory of expectation states and is expressly framed to allow comparison of: (1) a static model and process model of social influence and (2) the social theories of Giddens and Archer regarding the timing of social tie formation. National data are used to formulate models of professional belief concerning N = 111 cases of reported physical abuse. The chief findings are: (1) as applied to the group task of child abuse reporting, the collective decision outcomes obtained from the two models of social influence disagree by a number greater than that expected by chance alone, and (2) as modeled, there is essentially no difference in the simulated collective decision outcomes generated under each theory concerning the timing of social tie formation.Several refinements are needed. First, it is important to construct a more adequate characterization of the relevant beliefs of education professionals, best done via the construction of an ethnographic decision model for each professional type. Second, given the importance of social influence, the simulation should be extended to incorporate socio-linguistic, especially argumentative, behavior. Third, it is important to extend the model to take into account the constraining power of belief with respect to social action. These extensions would add believability to the model and its outputs, thus enhancing its power to inform social and educational theory and practice

Structural Characterization And Therapeutic Utility Of The Proton-Coupled Folate Transporter

Folate is a B9 vitamin essential to DNA synthesis. The proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT) is a newly discovered proton/folate symporter with an acidic pH optimum and broad expression across a variety of solid tumor types, with limited expression in normal tissues. Several antifolate molecules have been developed as cancer therapeutics, although these classical antifolates display numerous off-target effects due to transport by the ubiquitous reduced folate carrier (RFC). In this dissertation, we determine the roles of multiple PCFT structure/function domains, and develop PCFT-specific antifolates to target solid tumors. We utilize substituted cysteine accessibility methods (SCAM) to identify a novel reentrant loop structure between the second and third transmembrane domains (TMDs), which is critical to PCFT function, using membrane-impermeable thiol-reactive reagent MTSEA-biotin. We also utilize SCAM to identify and characterize the PCFT oligomerization interface at TMDs 3 and 6 via crosslinking reagent MTS-6-MTS. By the development of PCFT and ThTr1 chimera molecules, creation of PCFT half molecules, and cysteine- and alanine-scanning mutagenesis, we determined the purely structural role of the TMD6-7 connecting loop region. We studied novel 6-substituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine thienoyl regioisomers related to pemetrexed (PMX), a standard NS-NSCLC treatment. [AGF94 (2’,5’) and AGF154 (2’,4’)], which showed potencies comparable to PMX toward six NS-NSCLC cell lines. Uptake of [3H]AGF154 was comparable to that of [3H]PMX at acidic pH. De novo purine biosynthesis inhibition by AGF94/154 was confirmed by an in situ assay which measures incorporation of [14C]glycine into formyl GAR. In vivo efficacy of AGF94 was seen toward H460 tumor xenografts in severe-combined immunodeficient mice. Additonal antifolates were synthesized through the addition of fluorine to existing molecules and studied for their transport specifiticies correlating with anti-proliferative effects. In particular, AGF278 displayed increased specificity to PCFT, while also being very potent toward ovarian cancer cell lines. In conclusion, we established the role of three key structural domains of PCFT while also developing several novel PCFT-targeted antifolates for use as cancer therapeutics for NS-NSCLC and ovarian cancer. These novel antifolates are targeted to the acidic tumor microenvironment via selective transport by PCFT

A handbook for the use of school administrators and teachers of the social studies in the senior high school

Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of Kansas, Education, 1941

Value Added

With more than a thousand honors programs or colleges in the United States and that number growing every year, defining the value of honors is a significant undertaking. Honors seems to have become an obligatory upgrade that no college or university president can afford to be without, but there is more than institutional trending to be considered, or at least there should be, so the real issue is defining the value that honors adds—for students, for faculty, for staff, and for the larger community we serve. When it comes to budgets and governing boards and all the constituencies the university is responsible to, the way that each of us determines the value added is going to be different. Some best practices are consistent across the whole range of colleges and universities where honors education goes forward, but the real value added is in how we apply those best practices to make the most of each institution’s distinctive character and strengths, and how we turn good ideas into conscious practice

Relationship Between the Behavior and Diet of Chronic Kidney Failure Patients at Johor Health Center

Chronic renal failure is a clinical syndrome caused by the annual reduced renal function, progressively and generally irreversible. Renal failure has GFR (Glomerulus Filtration Rate) < 15 ml/minutes needed therapy for change the function of renal. The effective of act as therapy for renal failure is hemodialysis. For undergo hemodialysis to manage diet is very important caused prevent progressively and generally irreversible. The knowledge of patient about diet is significantly required during to the patient is undergoing to diet so can do well for keep balancing in the renal so do its function. This research have purpose to know the correlation between knowledge of the chronic renal failure patients do hemodialysis about diet with compliance of the patient to do chronic renal failure diet in the Puskesmas Johor in 2022. Sample in this studi are 31 respondents who participated in this this study with used purposive sampling. The result of the study showed that there is a correlation between knowledge of the chronic renal failure patients can do hemodialisys about diet with compliance of the patient to do chronic renal failure diet in which p < 0.05, and the correlation is significant. It is indicated by the coefficient r = 0.494

SWKB Quantization Rules for Bound States in Quantum Wells

In a recent paper by Gomes and Adhikari (J.Phys B30 5987(1997)) a matrix formulation of the Bohr-Sommerfield quantization rule has been applied to the study of bound states in one dimension quantum wells. Here we study these potentials in the frame work of supersymmetric WKB (SWKB) quantization approximation and find that SWKB quantization rule is superior to the modified Bohr-Sommerfield or WKB rules as it exactly reproduces the eigenenergies.Comment: 8 page